Long Distance Bus Charter Vancouver

Long Distance Bus Charter Vancouver

Private group transport

For those who appreciate the finer details, mood lighting and an on-board entertainment system offer an ambience that can be tailored to the preferences of your group, creating a truly bespoke travel experience. You've probably experienced your fair share of group travel nightmares, where the only luxury was a window seat. Learn more about Long Distance Bus Charter Vancouver here Need Wi-Fi and charging ports for a business trip? Learn more about Local experts in Vancouver tour bus services here. Last-minute changes? You'll find yourself at the heart of Vancouver's most iconic locations, from the bustling Granville Island Market to the serene Queen Elizabeth Park, without the usual hassles of city exploration.
Moreover, Star Coach has implemented a rigorous recycling program within their operations. You'll find the cabin of the H3-45 surprisingly serene, thanks to its advanced noise reduction technology. Star Coach's move to include Luxury Prevost H3-45 coaches in their fleet isn't just about offering top-tier comfort and style; it's a nod towards sustainability. That's the experience our clients rave about.

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Imagine gliding through the bustling streets of downtown Vancouver, where every corner offers a new discovery, in the comfort and style of a Star Coach bus. What sets Star Coach apart is their attention to detail. Choosing our executive fleet means you're not just getting from point A to point B; you're elevating the entire experience. There's no need to worry about parking, navigation, or coordinating multiple cars.
For those longer journeys, onboard restrooms offer convenience and comfort, eliminating unnecessary stops along the way. Each bus in their fleet isn't just a means of transportation; it's a statement of elegance and sophistication. We've also integrated the latest technology for your entertainment and connectivity. We understand that every journey is unique, and that's why we tailor our services to meet your specific needs.

Prioritizing your peace of mind, Star Coach Bus Rentals implements rigorous safety and security measures for every journey. We pride ourselves on responsiveness and the ability to provide solutions that make your travel seamless and stress-free. This open channel of communication ensures that your voice is always heard and valued. Whether it's a corporate retreat, a sports team outing, or a family reunion, luxury bus rentals transform the mundane into the extraordinary.

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But the question remains: does this upscale approach to group transport genuinely enhance the overall appeal of Vancouver as a travel destination? No problem. It's truly luxury on wheels.

Whether you're planning a corporate retreat, a lavish wedding, or a sophisticated winery tour, Star Coach ensures that every detail aligns with your vision. They'll arrange it. Passenger bus rental Furthermore, Star Coach's commitment to flexibility means you can adjust your plans as needed.

That's exactly where Star Coach shines.

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Instead, you'll have the opportunity to select from a wide range of luxury amenities. A night out with friends becomes an unforgettable adventure when you're on a luxury bus.

Tour Bus Vancouver

Vancouver has hosted many international conferences and events, including the 1954 Commonwealth Games, UN Habitat I, Expo 86, APEC Canada 1997, the World Police and Fire Games in 1989 and 2009; several matches of 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup including the finals at BC Place in downtown Vancouver, and the 2010 Winter Olympics and Paralympics which were held in Vancouver and Whistler, a resort community 125 km (78 mi) north of the city. In 1969, Greenpeace was founded in Vancouver. The city became the permanent home to TED conferences in 2014.

Citations and other links

Luxury Bus Transportation Vancouver

To simplify your planning, our advanced booking process is designed to be seamless and efficient, ensuring you get your ideal travel experience without hassle. From engine checks to safety feature tests, every aspect of the bus is meticulously examined and serviced. You're not stuck with a one-size-fits-all solution. Star Coach's legacy in the Vancouver bus rental market is built on decades of reliable service and customer satisfaction.

They've set a new standard for group travel!'John, who organized a family reunion, shares, 'The booking was hassle-free, and the ride was so comfortable that even our oldest family members were impressed.

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Their fleet isn't just diverse; it's meticulously maintained and equipped with the latest amenities to ensure your journey is as comfortable as it's reliable. These buses aren't just a way to get from point A to B; they're a space where convenience meets luxury, transforming your travel into an experience worth remembering.

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It's the smart choice for businesses looking to streamline their travel arrangements while ensuring a pleasant and productive journey for everyone involved. It's like having an extra set of eyes that constantly monitors road conditions, keeping you safe when the weather turns bad. Whether you're marveling at the panoramic views from the Vancouver Lookout or wandering through the vibrant markets of Granville Island, they're there to ensure you capture the essence of Vancouver. Bus rental for tours

This flexibility allows you to select the perfect vehicle to match the vibe and scale of your occasion, guaranteeing that your transport is as memorable as the event itself. You're no longer just moving from point A to B; you're embarking on a journey that's as memorable as the destinations themselves. The seats themselves are more than just a place to sit; they're plush retreats that let you relax, work, or socialize in total comfort.

Luxury Bus Transportation Vancouver
Vancouver Airport Bus Shuttle

Vancouver Airport Bus Shuttle

You'll find that each bus in their fleet boasts a sleek, modern design both inside and out.

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After exploring our onboard entertainment options, let's not forget that your safety is our top priority as we cruise through Vancouver. Field trip bus You'll discover hidden gems and iconic landmarks alike, all while enjoying amenities that cater to your every need. Whether you're planning a corporate event, a wedding, or a school trip, you'll find the perfect vehicle for your needs. You're not just getting a ride; you're stepping into a seamlessly organized service designed to cater to your needs, schedules, and preferences.

It's their attention to detail and customer service that really sets them apart. They're committed to delivering a worry-free travel experience, where you can sit back, relax, and enjoy everything Vancouver has to offer. This means you don't have to worry about the logistics; instead, you can focus on what you do best. Prioritizing your safety, we adhere to rigorous safety and maintenance standards for all our luxury buses.

Star Coach offers tailored corporate travel packages designed to meet the specific needs of your business, ensuring a seamless journey for you and your team. Our fleet includes everything from cozy minibuses perfect for smaller groups to full-sized luxury coaches that can accommodate larger parties with ease. They've got you covered, providing solutions swiftly and with a smile. This isn't just about getting from point A to B; it's about making every moment of your wedding day memorable.

You'll find their commitment to comfort, style, and safety isn't just lip service; it's woven into the very fabric of their service. Star Coach has got you covered. Before hitting the road, each driver undergoes a comprehensive background check and regular training sessions to ensure they're up to date with the latest safety practices and emergency response techniques. Imagine stepping onto a bus and feeling like you've entered a mobile lounge rather than a cramped, conventional vehicle.

Vancouver Bus Rental For Religious Events

Their dedicated team works closely with you to understand your specific requirements, offering personalized recommendations that elevate your travel experience. Bus fleet Their fleet is designed to accommodate any group size, ensuring everyone arrives in comfort and style. Imagine having the flexibility to choose your route, stops, and onboard amenities. The interiors are nothing short of lavish, featuring plush seating, state-of-the-art entertainment systems, and onboard Wi-Fi to keep you connected on the move. So, next time you're planning a group trip, remember that with Star Coach, you're not just traveling smart; you're also contributing to a healthier planet.

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Birthday parties, anniversaries, or even a day out with a large group of friends become extraordinary experiences with our service. By choosing Star Coach, you're not just opting for a high-end travel experience; you're also making a conscious choice to support eco-friendly transportation.

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And for those longer journeys, there's no need to worry about your devices running low; power outlets and USB charging ports are within easy reach. You'll immediately notice the difference in your experience when you interact with Star Coach Bus Rentals' customer service team.

We'll work closely with you to bring your vision to life, down to the finest detail. Once you've filled in the basics, you'll get a quote. Moreover, their drivers aren't just skilled at navigating the roads but are also courteous and well-versed in customer service excellence. Picture a day spent hopping from one award-winning winery to another, savoring fine wines and local cuisine, without the hassle of driving.

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Moreover, Star Coach doesn't skimp on quality to offer lower prices. Fancy a bit of luxury with leather seats and a minibar for a special celebration? The climate-controlled environment ensures comfort, regardless of the weather outside. It's not just a ride; it's an experience crafted just for you.

Vancouver Bus Rental For Religious Events
Bus Rental For Local Tours Vancouver
Bus Rental For Local Tours Vancouver

This level of care and attention to detail is what makes the Star Coach difference truly remarkable, elevating them above the competition in Vancouver's bus rental market. Choosing Star Coach means you're opting for reliability and high standards. While customizing your luxury experience, it's crucial to emphasize that your safety and comfort always come first with Star Coach. At Star Coach, we've set high safety standards to ensure your journey isn't just enjoyable but also secure from start to finish.
Choosing Star Coach means you're part of a larger movement towards sustainable travel, without compromising on comfort or luxury. Its design maximizes every inch of space, so you can stretch out your legs, relax, and enjoy the journey without feeling boxed in. You'll find that their reviews paint a picture of unparalleled luxury, reliability, and customer care that's hard to match.

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Private group transport
Need WiFi to keep everyone connected on the go? And for those moments when you need a bit of quiet, noise-canceling headphones are available upon request, ensuring you can lose yourself in a movie or playlist without distractions. Star Coach understands the essence of group dynamics and tailors services to meet your needs, whether it's for corporate events, school field trips, or leisurely tours. Read more about Long Distance Bus Charter Vancouver here
From luxury coaches that can accommodate large groups in comfort and style to smaller, more intimate minibuses for your family outings or team-building exercises, there's something for everyone. High-speed Wi-Fi keeps you connected, whether you're catching up on work or streaming your favorite show. You'll find our team readily available to assist you, whether it's a question about your booking, a special request for your trip, or assistance while you're on the road.

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Premier Bus Charter Vancouver

Every vehicle in Star Coach's fleet is equipped with the latest safety technologies, including advanced braking systems, stability control, and continuous mechanical inspections to guarantee reliability on the road. When you're planning a corporate event or organizing travel for a large group, you want the assurance that transportation will be the least of your worries.

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You won't have to worry about cramped legs or a stiff neck; there's ample room to stretch out and relax.

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Embarking on your Star Coach journey is as easy as that.
They invest heavily in the latest safety technologies, regular maintenance, and driver training, making sure that you're in safe hands throughout your journey. From the lush landscapes of Stanley Park to the historic cobblestone streets of Gastown, your journey through this vibrant city becomes an unforgettable adventure. With Star Coach, you're not just renting a bus; you're crafting an experience.
At Star Coach, we're committed to providing you with a tailored luxury experience that exceeds your expectations. Want your logo displayed on the screens?

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A complimentary service offers a selection of gourmet snacks and beverages, ensuring you stay refreshed throughout your journey.
Need onboard Wi-Fi and charging stations to keep everyone connected on the go?

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Exploring Vancouver becomes an elevated experience when you choose a luxury bus for your transportation. Every bus in their fleet is equipped with the latest safety features, including advanced braking systems and real-time GPS tracking, so you can relax knowing you're in good hands.

Explore Long Distance Bus Charter Vancouver here
Premier Bus Charter Vancouver
1908 Studebaker limousine with an open driver's compartment
1953 Rolls-Royce Phantom IV (coachwork by Hooper)

A limousine (/ˈlɪməziːn/ or /lɪməˈziːn/), or limo (/ˈlɪmoʊ/) for short,[1] is a large, chauffeur-driven luxury vehicle with a partition between the driver compartment and the passenger compartment which can be operated mechanically by hand or by a button electronically.[2] A luxury sedan with a very long wheelbase and driven by a professional driver is called a stretch limousine.[3]

In some countries, such as the United States, Germany, Canada, and Australia, a limousine service may be any pre-booked hire car with a driver, usually, but only sometimes a luxury car. In particular, airport shuttle services are often called "limousine services", though they often use minivans or light commercial vehicles.[2]

Etymology

[edit]
The type of limousine hood or roof described in the text (1912 Vauxhall)

The word limousine is derived from the name of the French region Limousin; however, how the area's name was transferred to the car is uncertain.

One possibility involves a particular type of carriage hood or roof that physically resembled the raised hood of the cloak worn by the shepherds there.[4][5]

An alternate etymology speculates that some early chauffeurs wore a Limousin-style cloak in the open driver's compartment for protection from the weather.[6] The name was then extended to this particular type of car with a permanent top projecting over the chauffeur.[4] This former type of automobile had an enclosed passenger compartment seating three to five persons, with only a roof projecting forward over the open driver's area in the front.[7]

History

[edit]

Wealthy owners of expensive carriages and their passengers were accustomed to their private compartments leaving their coachman or driver outside in all weathers. When automobiles arrived, the same people required a similar arrangement for their chauffeurs. As such, the 1916 definition of limousine by the US Society of Automobile Engineers is "a closed car seating three to five inside, with driver's seat outside".[8]

In Great Britain, the limousine de-ville was a version of the limousine town car where the driver's compartment was outside and had no weather protection.[9]: 103  The limousine-landaulet variant (also sold in the United States) had a removable or folding roof section over the rear passenger seat.[9]: 100 

In the United States, sub-categories of limousines in 1916 were the berline, defined as "a limousine having the driver's seat entirely enclosed", and the brougham, described as "a limousine with no roof over the driver's seat."[8]

The president of the United States has ridden in a variety of brands of state cars starting from 1899 when President William McKinley was the first to ride in a car, a steam Locomobile.[10][11][12]

U.S. limousine business declined in the 21st century due to the effects of the Great Recession, the subsequent rise of ride sharing apps, and an industry crisis precipitated by deadly stretch limousine crashes in 2015 and Schoharie, New York, in 2018. Moreover, during this time, people who would have once utilized limousines began opting to travel more discreetly in cars like black SUVs.[13]

Characteristics

[edit]

The limousine body style usually has a partition separating the driver from the rear passenger compartment.[6][9] This partition usually includes an openable glass section so passengers may see the road. Communication with the driver is possible either by opening the partition window or using an intercom system.

Limousines are often long-wheelbase vehicles to provide extra legroom in the passenger compartment. There will usually be occasional seats (in the U.S. called jump seats) at the front of the compartment (either forward-facing, rear-facing, or able to face either direction).

Many nations have official state cars designed to transport government officials. The top leaders have dedicated and specially equipped limousines. The United States Presidential State Car is the official car of the President of the United States.

Stretch limousines

[edit]
Lincoln Town Car stretch limousine

Stretch limousines are longer than regular limousines, usually to accommodate more passengers. Stretch limousines may have seating along the sides of the cabin.

A "stretch limousine" was created in Fort Smith, Arkansas, around 1928 by the Armbruster coach company. Their vehicles were primarily used to transport famous "big band" leaders, such as Glenn Miller and Benny Goodman, and their members and equipment. These early stretch limousines were often called "big band buses". Armbruster called their lengthened cars "extended-wheelbase multi-door auto-coaches". Their 12-passenger coaches were used by hotels, taxis, airlines, corporations, and tour companies.[14] Knock-down programs by automakers made coachbuilders stretch vehicles, but Armbruster also custom built limousines using unibody construction such as the 1969 AMC Ambassadors.[15]

As of 2023, stretch limousines comprise one percent of U.S. limousine company offerings. That total was down from about ten percent in 2013.[13]

Novelty limousines

[edit]

A variety of vehicles not designed as limousines have been converted into novelty limousines.[16] Another style of novelty limousine are those painted in bright colors, such as purple or pink.[17]

Vehicles converted into novelty stretch limousines include the East German Trabant, Volkswagen Beetle, Fiat Panda, and Citroën 2CV. There are instances of Corvettes, Ferraris, and Mini Coopers being stretched to accommodate up to 10 passengers.

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Garner, Bryan (July 28, 2009). Garner's Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199874620. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Definition of limousine". merriam-webster.com. October 28, 2019. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  3. ^ "Definition of Stretch Limo". merriam-webster.com. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  4. ^ a b Dyke, Andrew Lee (1920). Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia (Twelfth ed.). p. 582. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  5. ^ Ayto, John (2009). Word Origins. A&C Black Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4081-0160-5. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  6. ^ a b The Random House College Dictionary. Random House. 1975. p. 777. ISBN 0-394-43600-8. 1. an automobile having a permanently enclosed compartment for from three to five persons, the roof of which projects forward over the driver's seat in front...[< F, special use of limousine long cloak, so called because worn by the shepherds of Limousin, a former province in central France]
  7. ^ "Definition of limousine" (Complete & Unabridged Digital ed.). Collins English Dictionary. 2012. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  8. ^ a b "What's What in Automobile Bodies Officially Determined". The New York Times. August 20, 1916. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved June 27, 2015. Here it is, with other body types and distinctions, officially determined recently by the Nomenclature Division of the Society of Automobile Engineers
  9. ^ a b c Haajanen, Lennart W. (2003). Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 96. ISBN 0-7864-1276-3. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
  10. ^ Huffman, John Pearley (January 19, 2009). "The Top Presidential Limousines of All Time". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  11. ^ DeWitt, Nancy (September 4, 2012). "Presidential Wheels". Fountainhead Antique Auto Museum. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  12. ^ "A Car Fit For A President". Grundy Insurance. February 25, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  13. ^ a b Jiménez, Jesus (2023-04-28). "The Long Demise of the Stretch Limousine". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2023-04-30. Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  14. ^ Theobald, Mark; DeWinter IV, Bernie (2004). "Armbruster & Company, Tom Armbruster, Ed Robben, Armbruster/Stageway, Fort Smith, Airport Limousine, Earnhart & Johansen". coachbuilt.com. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  15. ^ Strohl, Daniel (23 September 2018). "1969 AMC Ambassador Limousine". Hemmings. Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  16. ^ "Dave's Classic Limousines Pictures: Novelty Limousines". Archived from the original on July 12, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  17. ^ Naylor, Sharon (2004). 1000 Best Wedding Bargains. Sourcebooks. p. 198. ISBN 978-1-4022-0298-8. Retrieved June 27, 2015. novelty limousines.
[edit]
  • The dictionary definition of limousine at Wiktionary
  • Media related to Limousines at Wikimedia Commons

 

An example of a charter (Magna Carta).

A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.

Other usages

[edit]

The term is used for a special case (or as an exception) of an institutional charter. A charter school, for example, is one that has different rules, regulations, and statutes from a state school.

Charter can be used as a synonym for "hire" or "lease", as in the "charter" of a bus, boat or plane.[1]

A charter member (US English) of an organization is an original member; that is, one who became a member when the organization received its charter.[2] A chartered member (British English) is a member who holds an individual chartered designation authorized under that organization's royal charter.[3][4]

Different types of charters

[edit]

Anglo-Saxon charters

[edit]

Anglo-Saxon charters (also called diplomas) are documents drawn up between the seventh century and 1066 in Britain, which typically make a grant of land or record a privilege. They are usually written on parchment, in Latin. Around 200 survive in their original form, and many of the others have been altered or forged. The oldest surviving charters granted land and privileges to the church, but from the 8th century surviving charters were increasingly used to grant land to lay people.[5]

Colony charter

[edit]

The British Empire used three main types of colonies as it sought to expand its territory to distant parts of the earth. These three types were royal colonies, proprietary colonies, and corporate colonies. A charter colony by definition is a "colony chartered to an individual, trading company, etc., by the British crown."[6] Although charter colonies were not the most prevalent of the three types of colonies in the British Empire, they were by no means insignificant.

Congressional charter

[edit]

A Congressional charter is a law passed by the United States Congress that states the mission, authority, and activities of a group. Congress issued federal charters from 1791 until 1992 under Title 36 of the United States Code.

Corporate charter

[edit]

A corporate charter is a document or charter that establishes the existence of a corporation in the United States and Canada.

Inspeximus charter

[edit]

A charter of "Inspeximus" (Latin, literally "We have inspected") is frequently a royal charter, by which an earlier charter or series of charters relating to a particular foundation (such as a monastery or a guild) was recited and incorporated into a new charter, usually in order to confirm and renew its validity under present authority. Where the original documents are lost, an inspeximus charter may sometimes preserve their texts and lists of witnesses.

Municipal charter

[edit]
Swedish-language charter for the city of Viborg from 1403

A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to) cities, counties, towns, townships, charter townships, villages, and boroughs. Municipal incorporation occurs when such municipalities become self-governing entities under the laws of the state or province in which they are located. Often, this event is marked by the award or declaration of a municipal charter, a term used because municipal power was historically granted by the sovereign, by royal charter.

Order charter

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Charters may establish or govern the operation of chivalric orders and other orders, such as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

Project charter

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In project management, a project charter (sometimes called the terms of reference) is provided by the sponsor to formally authorize the existence of a project. It provides a preliminary delineation of roles and responsibilities, outlines the project purpose and objectives, identifies key stakeholders, and defines the authority of the project manager. It serves as a reference of authority for future planning of the project. The project scope is developed from the project charter.

Royal charter

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A royal charter is a formal grant issued by a monarch under royal prerogative as letters patent. Historically, they have been used to promulgate public laws, the most famous example being the English Magna Carta (great charter) of 1215, but since the 14th century have only been used in place of private acts to grant a right or power to an individual or a body corporate.[7][8][9] They were, and are still, used to establish significant organisations such as boroughs (with municipal charters), universities and learned societies, and were used historically to establish companies.

The Charter of 1814, France's constitution during the Bourbon Restoration, was thus called to promote the legal fiction that the King had granted it "voluntarily, and by the free exercise of [his] royal authority", in the manner of medieval charters.

At one time a royal charter was the only way in which an incorporated body could be formed, but other means (such as the registration process for limited companies) are generally now used instead.

University charter

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A university charter is a charter issued to create or recognise a university. The form of charter used varies by period and jurisdiction.[10]

Uprising charter

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In the context of a political uprising, a charter might lay out the basic principles and goals of the movement, define the organizational structure of the movement, and describe the roles and responsibilities of its members.[11]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "charter". Lexico. Oxford University Press. 2. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  2. ^ "charter member". Lexico. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  3. ^ "chartered". Lexico. Oxford University Press. 1.1. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  4. ^ "Royal Charters". Privy Council of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  5. ^ Keynes, Simon (2014). "Charters and Writs". In Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (eds.). The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England (2nd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell. pp. 102–103. ISBN 978-0-470-65632-7.
  6. ^ charter colony - Definitions from Dictionary.com
  7. ^ "Charter". The Supplement to the Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. Vol. 1. Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. 1845. pp. 331–332. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  8. ^ "Magna Carta 1215". British Library. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  9. ^ Peter Crooks (July 2015). "Exporting Magna Carta: exclusionary liberties in Ireland and the world". History Ireland. 23 (4). Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  10. ^ Phyllis Riddle (Spring 1993). "Political Authority and University Formation in Europe, 1200-1800". Sociological Perspectives. 36 (1). SAGE Publications: 49–50. doi:10.2307/1389441. JSTOR 1389441. S2CID 143493887.
  11. ^ Political Documents - Iranian Scholars for Liberty

Further reading

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  • Media related to Charters at Wikimedia Commons
  • The dictionary definition of charter at Wiktionary

 

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